This paper is a defense for intertwined relationship of economics and ethics or more specifically, of positive aspects of economics and normative ones. To show this, a detailed historical survey of the relationship from the ancient Greek up to Lionel Robbins is presented. A more attention is paid to the position of economics within the premodern structure of sciences and the map of practical sciences therein. Even after that increasing growth of the content of moral philosophy or ethics and the push for specialization gave birth to the economics, it is observed, throughout the whole classic period and the early neoclassic, that economists unanimously believe in simultaneous study of positive and normative issues in economics.The point emphasized by the author is that the impression that positive-normative Distinction is based on fact-value Distinction (and the well known first theorem of Hume) is against what historical study shows; furthermore it could lead us to a theoretical dead end. The factvalue Distinction is a latecomer in the philosophy of social sciences; while the life of positive-normative Distinction could be traced back to the ancient Greek without causing the normative concerns put away or omitted.

The history of the Holy Qur'an has a complete connection with the phenomenon of “revelation.” Why so is that the revelation of the verses of the noble Qur'an was only in this way, and receiving the heavenly message which is a kind of connection between the chosen and distinguished man with the unseen world, was fulfilled with “revelation.” Therefore, research is important in understanding revelation, recognizing and analyzing its meaning and nature accurately. The fact that revelation has different meanings in the Qur'an, it may lead to confusion of concepts and some may even doubt its nature and reduce revelation to the level of prophetic experience and consider the relationship between the two as the same. The premise of this article is that revelation is God's word to mankind, not prophetic experience. The word “revelation” in the Qur'an has Distinctions and commonalities, the study and understanding of which can be of great help in proving this hypothesis. This article has been able to measure the understanding of the meanings of the word “revelation” in the Qur'an with the help of library tools and by analyzing different verses in the meaning of revelation. Then it is proven with narrative and rational reasons that the idea that [scriptural] revelation is similar to religious experience is fundamentally false. Hence, it is concluded that the empiricist view of revelation is a hypothesis of error.

Being attributed to an especial and autonomous style, every literary genre – poetry, short story, novel, and prose – is considered as a writing system, that relies on the structural relations and expectations, linguistic arrangements, and in general, its own backgrounds of literary theories. Obviously, any style owes its newness to the autonomy and newness of the pre-structural theories which guarantee its reality as a special stream of the capability to be followed and continued. To offer an autonomous structure with mature and innovative ways of expression and a world-view capable of receiving new dimensions is basically a presupposition and a precondition for every new style to attain its autonomy. Contemporary poetry under the leadership of Nima and his followers – Sepehri and Forouq – relies on the ontological and aesthetic features conveying its reality as a deeply rooted stream of the capability to be followed and continued, and the most important of all, as a stream of autonomy and identity. The present article evaluates the structural Sameness of the poetry of Nima, Sepehri and Forouq which distinguishes their poetry from the classical one. Demythologizing of the constructions, centralism in formal systems, innovative endings, innovative realism, avoiding the meaning totalitarianism, abstractionism in language, agitation through language, and commitment to humanity are the evidences of structural Sameness of their poetry.

Among the admirable qualities of Nahj al-Balaghah achieved in a thought-oriented reading is its musical and semantic Sameness. The musical and semantic connection of Nahj al-Balaghah representations is realized via a formalistic component called the magic of proximity. The artistic and aesthetic impact of this splendor in the history of literary and musical chef-d'oeuvre of the world, as well as in religious and holy books of the world, particularly the Holy Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah, is astonishing and determining. This research endeavors to respond to how the musical and semantic Sameness of various phrases of the sedition sermon is through the magic of proximity. For this purpose, with the descriptive analytics method, we identified the creations of art in the process of choosing and uniting words on the two axes of coexistence and succession, defamiliarizing and devising music in the usual contexts. Then, new meanings created in this way in new style and structure are presented. The findings indicate that the magic of proximity in phrases of Imam Ali (pbuh), in addition to the Sameness of the phonetic system, creates meanings by penetrating the innermost layers of the speech texture, which is spiritual music, and in this way increases the power of the speech to affect the audience.

The correct decipherment of rites, myths and epics occurs comprehensively when superstitious belief, underlying them are analyzed. Our misty and literary epics are full of superstitions which are ignored up to now and this shortage to decode the rites and epics together with the myths is vividly felt. This article tries to study the superstitious beliefs and their functions in the rituals and literary epics such as charshanbe suri, centenary celebration, yalda celebration and shark - ridign Morecover, the application of these for. Magics thatis, Sameness magic and association have been depicted in the stories of Ferdowsi’s book of kings, thus, here in, some of the superstitious beliefs there in will be studied.

Some analytic philosophers have argued that in order to have a genuine Distinction the border line should have a completely a priori specified place. This condition has been suggested by some philosophers (e.g. Putnam) to argue that the sharp line between observational terms and theoretical terms is completely “broken-back” since the line is not fixed. This camp, which we label anti-dichotomists, have tried to show that arbitrarily-drawn boundaries do not have any benefit, so it is absurd to add them to our conceptual frameworks. On the other hand, dichotomists believe that although each person can draw this boundary in a different place, it finally exists somewhere and can perform a wide variety of tasks. In this paper, first, we argue even if a Distinction cannot be sharply drawn, one cannot conclude that the problem, for its solution the Distinction was proposed, is not a genuine problem. The border is useful when and only when it serves some purposes. Second, by appealing to some of Van Fraassen’s insights, namely the “aim of science”, we shall argue that this Distinction serves some purposes and thus it is wise to stick to it. In general, it does not matter that a border is fixed or not, it just matters if it matters or not.

Relationship of civil servants and political authorities and sphere of powers of both in administration and policy-making is one of main issues of the contemporary governance. There is no doubt that politics is not administration and a politician is different with a public servant. Therefore, it seems there is no problem to distinguish politics from administration. Nevertheless, specification of exact boundaries of the two spheres and its cause is not clear. This dichotomy is not founded on a priori logic; but it is a fact in the most of modern states. Therefore, in view of conceptual, institutional and individual actors, there is a separation as well as overlapping between politics and administration that being debated in the article with a descriptive method. According to author, norms specified at a democratic constitution and emphasis it gives to values such as justice, democracy, responsibility, autonomy and morality provides sufficient evidences for keeping this demarcation and simultaneously makes an interaction between the two spheres. Although the way of demarcating and specification of points of Distinction, overlapping and interaction between the two spheres of 'governing and service' depends on characteristics of constitutionalism and administrative tradition of states.

In the lranian Civil Law, like French law, contract agreement is one kind of hire or personal employement. But there are some contracts that their nature is near sale. Sale is a contract for transfering the possession of objects, but transfering the possession of interest is subject to hire agreements. In contracts that contractor undertakes to work, also presents materials, therefore we confuse between the nature of sale and contract agreements. For Distinction between these two agrements, authors suggest several criteri: 1. Some scholars put this contract in sale category, 2. Some, accept complex contract in this case, 3.The other believe that this contract is always Contract agreement and 4.The last solution is consideration of the intention of client from agreemts or, 5.Consideration of the economical value of the work and materials or finding primal engagement. Each criterion has some limitations. It seems in the first step that we must distinguish the primal obligation and if we couldnt find it, must define the contract as an inspesific contract.

The referral of individuals to the courts is often the main right to bring proceedings in the nature and claim of the original right, but sometimes there are cases where the purpose of the reference is not to obtain a ruling, but to refer to the right to secure the right to secure, a right which, prior to the issuance and Or the execution of a vote is at risk of destruction. Sometimes, the goal is to put the security reason behind the difficulty of using it in the future. On this basis, in the Iranian legal system, there are three legal entities that are in line with these goals Legislators have been recognized: interim orders, supply requests, reason supply. Interim orders and requests for custody are among the precautionary measures in the Civil Procedure Code, which usually will not be a problem if they are issued and enforced in the future. An application for interim and interim orders can be filed before the lawsuit is filed, filed a lawsuit or filed. There are similarities between these two entities, the existence of these similarities should not create the impression that the role of these two entities is the same because, despite the existing similarities, there are some important differences between the two entities which makes them distinct. In this research, in the form of three chapters and conclusions, the first chapter of supply is requested and in the second chapter, the interim order will be explained, and in the third chapter, we will discuss the means of differentiating these two and finally concluding.

Ethics and feqh are two Islamic sciences. Many scholars have tried to introduce their Distinctions. It, however, seems that the most difference in the field lies in intention and motivation as basis in ethics but in feqh only in worships, though in this case also ethical motivation is of higher effect than feqhi intention. In fact, in feqh the conditions for the correctness of actions have been offered while in ethics the conditions of their being accepted. The former notices the appearance of action and thereof its being correct or incorrect, the latter, however, notices its depth as being a scale for purity of intention and motivation. Being of courage and intention to sin in leaving unlawfuls and in the case of kinlling somebody proposedly, when spilled in vain, can be counted as cases for the difference.